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《理想国》读后感作文1000字

  《理想国》读后感1000字:

  经典的影响,不在于天马行空的文句,也不在于振聋发聩论断,而在于它给世人幽暗闭塞的观念世界以一道耀眼的闪光。

  他提出了一个命题,他给出了一个假设,他使得后来的思想家有了发挥的空间,也为后世提供了无数社会体制的可能性。他,就是柏拉图!最早接触到柏拉图应该是在高中的政治和历史课本了。那个时候对他的思想接触涉及甚浅,对他关于国家政体及相关的政治探讨从未涉及过。再次了解到柏拉图是在《理想国》中,它通篇饱含哲学见解和政治思想,构造了人类历史上最早的乌托邦。

  关于社会分工,柏拉图认为城邦的公民分为三等:赋有最高理性的哲学家是神用金子做成的,他们是理想国的立法者和监护者;赋有意志的本性,勇敢善战的军人是神用银子做成的,他们是国家的卫士;只有情欲的本性的生产者是神用铜和铁做成的,他们安分守己,节制情欲,忍受劳苦,他们处于最下层,为统治者及其辅助者服务。他从个人、城邦两个角度出发,认为城邦应该由哲学家领导着军人统治着生产者。但我们很清楚,历史向来都不是由帝王创造的,是由历史中的劳动人民群众缔结的,把生产者置于最低等级,很容易忽视其在社会历史中的中流砥柱的作用。国家的统治者应该是哲学家,这种想法在如今体现出不合时宜的特点,或许夸张地抬高了哲学家的地位和品质,但准确地表达了一个国家领导人应该具有的品质,具有一定的借鉴意义。

《理想国》读后感1000字.jpg

  关于正义,他认为城邦的正义就是“我们选拔其他的人,按其天赋安排职业,弃其所短,用其所长,让他们集中毕生精力专搞一门,精益求精,不失时机。”这是因为之所以要建立一个城邦,是因为我们每一个人不能单靠自己达到自足,我们需要许多东西。柏拉图强调社会分工:每个人根据上天赋予的天性做好自己份内的工作而不干涉别人份内的事,对于城邦来说,即为三个等级各司其职、各尽其能。其实在如今社会中,这个“正义”也得到了印证:只有保证每个人做自己最擅长的职业,才能使效率达到最大化,才能创造出更多的生产生活资料,由此促进整个国家整个人类社会的进步,正义从来都不是假大空的,它体现在每个人在自己的岗位做好自己的事,每个人都拥有一份“匠心精神”。

  关于教育,《理想国》告诉我们,“最好的男人必须与最好的女人尽多结合在一起”,“儿女应该出生在父母年轻力壮的时候”。这种观念一定程度上迎合了现代人的择偶观念和育儿观念,是一种比较科学的观点。《理想国》中强调了早期教育的重要性:“儿童阶段音乐文艺教育最关紧要”,先入为主,早年接受的见解总是根深蒂固不容易更改的。为了培养美德,儿童们最初听到的应该是最美最善的故事。所以说,柏拉图对儿童早期优质教育的重视。但柏拉图也提出,不要强迫孩子去学习,要用游戏的方法寓教于乐,在游戏中更好的了解他们每个人的天性。这让我们思索,现在的应试教育是否带给孩子过多的强迫,扼杀了大多孩童的天性。同时,他也规定了一个连贯受教育的过程,对于人生各个阶段和各个方面的教育——包括幼儿、青少年、中老年的教育,学校教育和社会教育都进行了论述,反映教育应保持连续性和一贯性。

  这种观念与中国古代活到老学到老的观念不谋而合。另外,关于教育柏拉图也体现了男女平等的思想,他认为女性和男性一样,也应当接受教育,不得不说在两千多年前,这种观念十分难得。但令人质疑的是,在理想国里,受教育者只能接受对国家有益的教育。这难免使教育沦为了国家统治的工具,是一种思想统治。教育不应该与政治扯上关系,而受教育者又可以按照自己的意志与理解在诸多有益无益的学科和知识里选择自己所要的。

  “政治家应为哲学家,哲学家应为政治家,政治家应为哲学王”,这是柏拉图毕生的追求;个人是城邦的缩影,城邦是个人的放大,其要求公民内部高度统一与和谐,所以每个人在社会上的角色显得尤为重要。而教育的政治化,也是为城邦的净化服务的。在理想国中,所合乎正义的城邦就是实现了最高的善,每个人各司其职,各尽其能。而我们所知的古希腊正处于社会分裂混乱、统治者无知无能和人的品性的堕落的状态,柏拉图所设想的改造公民改变城邦的方案,注定不能在现实生活中施行。但其哲学的智慧和政治的精华,予后人以瞻前贤。作者:陈清海

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