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《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》读后感作文1000字

  《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》读后感1000字:

  1.作者花了很大篇幅在谈一件事情,那就是人类在地球上的分布演进历史,从几百万年前的非洲猿演进为直立人,之后又称为智人,后来又走出非洲进入欧亚大陆,再之后又有部分迁移至东南亚以及大洋洲,而像北边又跨过了白令海峡,进入了美洲,最后地球上除了南极洲和一些极其偏远孤立的岛屿外,都分布了各种各样的人种,但是这些人种最初的来源都是非洲的古猿。

  当然,这个人类起源非洲说到底是不是真的我还不太确认,但是至少是当前经过一些科学技术手段证实过的,而如今地球上的各个人种之间差别如此之大,则是这几百万年经年累月地理环境塑造的产物。

  2.作者看来是常年在东南亚到大洋洲那附近的岛屿国家(波利尼西亚群岛?)做研究,因为他列举了很多的当地土著的案例,其中一个吸引了我的注意,也让人深思:新西兰岛上的毛利人和它旁边的另外一个叫做查塔姆群岛上的莫里奥里人在最开始的时候是同一个族群的,只是后来在移民的时候选择了不同的去处,一部分人去了新西兰的岛上,另一部分去了查塔姆群岛,这两部分人最随后的历史里各自独立演化,在几百年间甚至都不知道对方的存在,毛利人和莫里奥里人在不同的地理环境中形成了不同的民族性,毛利人生活的新西兰岛,人口稠密,已经有了稳定的农业和一定的政治组织,这样也有了生产力上的闲余可以供养战士、手艺人、首领、组织机构等等,而且岛上的生存环境竞争也要激烈得多,这使得毛利人形成了好战嗜杀的传统,而一旁的莫里奥里人生活的岛屿则无法发展农业,可能是气温太低的原因吧,只能维持一种靠采集、捕猎之类的很原始的生产方式,这样的社会形态就形成的是一种原始的相对温和、平等的部落形式的组织。

《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》读后感1000字.jpg

  当有一天,毛利人偶然发现这个物产丰富而岛上的人基本上毫无戒备之心时,莫里奥里人的悲剧便出现了。二者在几百年前尚属于一个族群,几百年后却任意杀掠、征服,正是本是同根生,相煎何太急。

  作者用这个社会实验告诉我们,整个地球上的人种分布以及相互之间的接触与碰撞就是这个社会实验的放大版。几百万年前走出非洲以后,各自在不同的地理环境中演变,有的如温带就比较适合发展出农业,进而有了更多的剩余生产力可以供养起整个国家系统,从而产生出一个个的帝国与文明;而有的区域则不适合发展出农业,但是物产却很丰富,这样人们便像生活在世外桃源一般,没有天敌,只有一种原始的平等主义理念;总的来说,相对闭塞的环境基本上就会比较落后,因为缺少这种文明之间的碰撞和相互的影响;而欧亚大陆则因为地处温带,又在地理上相互联通,则成为了这个地球上文明最为繁盛的区域,当这种文明从农业文明进一步演化到工业文明之后,尤其是随着航海技术的发展,让本来彼此隔阂的文明产生接触时,一些带着血腥的激烈冲突就难免了。同一个起源,在不同的地理环境下产生了不同的演化进度,形成了一种具有巨大差异的“势能”,当这两种具有不同的势能落差的能量体发生碰撞时,处在较低维度的、低势能体必然会受到巨大的能量冲击。

  3.作者谈到了西班牙对印加帝国的征服,一百多来号人是如何征服了几万军队的大帝国的。这其中有武器上的不对等,组织形式上的差异,以及印第安人对于外部威胁的缺少认知等等,还有一个点就是对传染病的免疫力,美洲社会相对于欧亚大陆还是相对闭塞,这里的印第安人体内缺少长期以来和病毒博弈而产生的那种抗体,因此当外部的文明携带着一些普通的病菌来到这个相对封闭的环境中时,这里的人们还没有来得及升级自己的抗体便统统倒下来。

  要知道人类和病菌是在相互之间的博弈中相互成长的,就像矛与盾一般,病毒在升级,人体的免疫力也在升级,但是美洲社会的封闭使得缺失了这种博弈中的升级,也使得在随后的接触中毫无防御力,这使得死于天花的印第安人的人数远远大于死于欧洲人的杀戮的人数。这不禁引发出我的一个思考:我们真的应该追寻那种世外桃源式的生活吗?缺少了竞争、博弈,缺少了生存的危机的刺激,人是会退化的,虽然人们都不喜欢勾心斗角,尔虞我诈,但是就像太极图的两种基色,黑与白永远是相互存在而且彼此转化的。我们的精神世界永远追求着光明的一面,而我们的现实世界却是深深地扎根于漆黑的大地之中。

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